MEO class 2 Function 3 safety oral questions asked by MMD surveyor

September 05, 2026 0

 MEO CLASS II ORAL Function 3 QUESTIONS

Rewritten and Properly Ordered Question Bank

A. SHIP TYPES, CONSTRUCTION AND STRUCTURE

  1. What type of ship have you sailed on?
  2. What are the main types of ships?
  3. What distinguishes a container ship from other ship types?
  4. What special structural features are provided in a container ship?
  5. What is a torsion box, where is it located, and what is its purpose?
  6. What is a hopper tank, and what are the purposes of its upper and lower sections?
  7. Why are hopper tanks used for ballast?
  8. What is a double-bottom tank?
  9. How is the double-bottom structure in way of the main engine constructed?
  10. How is the main-engine bedplate supported within the double-bottom structure?
  11. What are the purposes of the longitudinal and transverse girders beneath the main-engine bedplate?
  12. What is a longitudinal girder, and what is its purpose?
  13. What is a transverse girder, and what is its purpose?
  14. What is a floor in ship construction?
  15. What are the main types of floors?
  16. Which types of floors are commonly used in a longitudinally framed double-bottom structure?
  17. What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse framing?
  18. What is a bulkhead?
  19. What are the main types of bulkheads?
  20. What is the difference between a corrugated bulkhead and a conventional stiffened bulkhead?
  21. How does a collision bulkhead differ from an ordinary transverse bulkhead?
  22. What is a panting stringer?
  23. What is a sheer plan?
  24. What is scantling draft?
  25. What is meant by clear grounds under port State control?
  26. What clearances are required between the side shell, bottom shell and internal structure?
  27. What is the purpose of the load-line mark on a ship’s side?
  28. What is the significance of the load-line marks on a bulk carrier?
  29. What is reserve buoyancy, and how does it contribute to survivability and stability?
  30. What is the coefficient of reserve buoyancy?
  31. What is propeller rake?

B. SHIP RESISTANCE AND PROPULSION

  1. What are the main components of resistance acting on a ship?
  2. What is frictional resistance, and on which factors does it depend?
  3. What is wave-making resistance?
  4. What is residual resistance?
  5. What is the Froude number, and what is its purpose?
  6. What is the prismatic coefficient?
  7. What is a Bonjean curve, and what is its purpose?

C. STABILITY

  1. What is metacentric height, or GM, and why is it important?
  2. How is the initial metacentric height of a ship calculated?
  3. What is initial stability?
  4. What is static stability?
  5. What is dynamic stability?
  6. How does static stability differ from dynamic stability?
  7. What is a GZ curve, and what information does it provide?
  8. What is a cross-curve of stability?
  9. What is a metacentric diagram?
  10. What is the range of positive stability?
  11. What is the angle of vanishing stability?
  12. What are the intact-stability criteria?
  13. What are the principal IMO intact-stability criteria, and what are their required values?
  14. What is the free-surface effect, and how does it affect GM?
  15. What is an inclining experiment, and why is it carried out?
  16. What conditions must be satisfied before conducting an inclining experiment?
  17. How is an inclining experiment conducted?
  18. What is damage stability?
  19. What is progressive flooding?
  20. What is total flooding?
  21. What is floodable length?
  22. What is the factor of subdivision, and how is it determined?
  23. What is parametric rolling?
  24. What is synchronous rolling?
  25. How does parametric rolling differ from synchronous rolling?
  26. What is roll amplitude?
  27. What is a ship’s rolling period?
  28. What is directional stability?
  29. What is dimensional stability?
  30. What is manoeuvring stability?

D. BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT

  1. What is the Ballast Water Management Convention?
  2. What are the D-1 and D-2 standards, and how do they differ?
  3. What are the D-2 discharge criteria?
  4. What is a Ballast Water Management System, and how does it treat organisms in ballast water?
  5. What are active substances used in ballast-water treatment?
  6. What documents and certificates are associated with a Ballast Water Management System?
  7. What are the requirements for ballast-water sampling?

E. TANKERS AND CARGO SYSTEMS

  1. What are the main types of tankers?
  2. How does a crude-oil tanker differ from a product tanker?
  3. What are the principal structural differences between crude-oil and product tankers?
  4. What is a chemical tanker, and what are its main types?
  5. What is an LPG carrier, what cargoes does it carry, and how are they stored onboard?
  6. What is a cargo pump room?
  7. What structural and safety requirements apply to a tanker cargo pump room?
  8. What fire-detection system is provided in a cargo pump room, and how does it operate?
  9. What safety devices are provided for cargo pumps?
  10. What is an inert-gas system, and what are its principal safety features?
  11. What safety devices are fitted to an inert-gas blower?
  12. What is a volatile organic compound, or VOC?
  13. What is VOC management on an oil tanker?
  14. What are the MARPOL requirements for tanker VOC emissions?
  15. What is a VOC Management Plan?
  16. Where is the release of VOCs prohibited or controlled?
  17. What are the current requirements for tanker cargo-tank venting?
  18. What is segregated ballast, and what are the applicable capacity and arrangement requirements?
  19. What is clean ballast?
  20. What is dirty ballast?
  21. What are dedicated clean ballast and segregated ballast systems, and how do they differ?
  22. What minimum separation requirements apply between cargo tanks and the side and bottom shells?
  23. What are the discharge criteria for cargo-tank residues?
  24. How would you discharge cargo residues if the cargo pump could not take suction?
  25. What preparations are required before discharging cargo residues from a chemical tanker?

F. MARPOL ANNEX I — OIL POLLUTION

  1. What is MARPOL Annex I, and what are its principal requirements?
  2. What are the discharge criteria for machinery-space bilge water inside and outside special areas?
  3. What is an oily-water separator, and what is its purpose?
  4. What is an Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System?
  5. How does an oily-water separator differ from an Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System?
  6. What is Oil Record Book Part I?
  7. What is Oil Record Book Part II?
  8. What are the requirements and procedures for disposing of oil residues or sludge?
  9. What action would you take if the oily-water separator failed during a port State control inspection?
  10. What MARPOL Annex I equipment and procedures are required in the engine room?

G. MARPOL ANNEX II — NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES

  1. What is MARPOL Annex II?
  2. What are noxious liquid substances?
  3. What are the NLS categories under MARPOL Annex II?
  4. What are the discharge criteria under MARPOL Annex II?
  5. How do Category X, Y, Z and Other Substances differ?
  6. What is an International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the Carriage of Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk?
  7. What is the IBC Code?
  8. What ship types are defined under the IBC Code?
  9. What are the construction and equipment requirements for Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 chemical tankers?

H. MARPOL ANNEX V — GARBAGE

  1. What is MARPOL Annex V?
  2. What are the main categories of garbage under Annex V?
  3. What are the discharge and disposal requirements for garbage inside and outside special areas?
  4. What is a Garbage Record Book?
  5. What is a Garbage Management Plan?
  6. What are the current restrictions on plastics and other garbage at sea?

I. MARPOL ANNEX VI — AIR POLLUTION

  1. What is MARPOL Annex VI, which pollutants does it control, and what are its principal requirements?
  2. What are the MARPOL requirements for NOx emissions from marine diesel engines?
  3. What is the NOx Technical Code?
  4. What are the NOx Technical File and the EIAPP Certificate?
  5. What is an IAPP Certificate?
  6. How do EIAPP and IAPP Certificates differ?
  7. Who issues EIAPP and IAPP Certificates, and what is the validity period of an IAPP Certificate?
  8. What methods are used to reduce NOx emissions?
  9. What requirements apply to visible emissions, including black smoke, from marine engines?
  10. What are EEDI, EEXI and CII, how do they differ, and what is the unit of EEXI?
  11. What is an EEDI Technical File?
  12. What is SEEMP, including Part III?
  13. What is the IMO Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Data Collection System?
  14. How does the IMO Data Collection System differ from EU MRV?
  15. What certificates and documents are required under MARPOL Annex VI?
  16. What are the latest applicable amendments to MARPOL Annex VI?

J. FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE DETECTION

  1. What are the classes of fire?
  2. What are the principal methods of extinguishing a fire?
  3. What fixed fire-extinguishing systems may be provided for an engine control room?
  4. How would you extinguish a fire in an engine control room?
  5. What preparations would you make before fighting an engine control-room fire?
  6. What fire-fighting systems are provided on the cargo deck?
  7. What fire-fighting arrangements are provided for containers carried on deck?
  8. How would you fight a container fire?
  9. What fire-detection system is provided in a cargo hold, and how is it tested?
  10. What type of fire detection is used in a compressor room?
  11. How does a fire detector operate?
  12. What is an infrared fire detector?
  13. What types of portable fire extinguishers are carried onboard?
  14. What is the purpose of the pressure gauge on a portable fire extinguisher?
  15. What is the purpose of the pressure gauge on a foam extinguisher?
  16. What is dry chemical powder, where is a fixed dry-chemical-powder system used, and what maintenance is required for dry-chemical-powder extinguishers?
  17. What are low-expansion and high-expansion foam, and how do they differ?
  18. Why is low-expansion foam suitable for an oil-deck fire?
  19. How is the foam expansion ratio determined?
  20. How is the quality of foam concentrate checked?
  21. How is a fixed foam system tested onboard?
  22. What is a water-mist or high-pressure water-mist system?
  23. What SOLAS requirements apply to a water-mist system?
  24. What is a fixed carbon-dioxide fire-extinguishing system?
  25. What safety precautions and maintenance requirements apply to a carbon-dioxide system?
  26. What is the pilot-line vent valve in a carbon-dioxide system?
  27. What is the purpose of the fire-main isolation valve during testing?
  28. What protective clothing is required for fire fighting?
  29. What protective suit is used when dealing with toxic gases?

K. EMERGENCY FIRE PUMP

  1. What is an emergency fire pump, where is it located, and what is its purpose?
  2. How is an emergency fire-pump performance test conducted?
  3. How would you test the emergency fire pump when the ship is in ballast condition?
  4. How would you demonstrate emergency fire-pump performance using two fire hoses?
  5. What requirements apply to the suction arrangement of an emergency fire pump?

L. LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES

  1. What are the main types of lifeboats?
  2. What safety equipment is provided in a lifeboat?
  3. What equipment is carried in a liferaft?
  4. What are the SOLAS requirements for liferafts, including minimum capacity and location?
  5. What types of lifeboat release mechanisms are used?
  6. What is an on-load lifeboat release mechanism?
  7. What is a bow hook?
  8. What safety devices are fitted to lifeboat davits?
  9. What are the maintenance requirements for lifeboat falls?
  10. What are the lifeboat-engine testing requirements, and for how long must the engine be capable of operating?
  11. What are the launching and hoisting speed requirements for lifeboats?
  12. How is lifeboat lowering speed controlled?
  13. What are the requirements for static and dynamic lifeboat tests?
  14. What maintenance is required for lifeboat launching appliances at ten-year intervals?

M. SOLAS AND SAFETY SYSTEMS

  1. What are the main chapters of SOLAS?
  2. Which SOLAS chapter deals with fire safety?
  3. Which SOLAS chapter deals with additional safety measures for bulk carriers?
  4. Which SOLAS provisions deal with enhanced safety requirements for cargo ships?
  5. What are the latest fire-safety developments concerning containers?
  6. What fire-safety requirements apply to containers carried on deck?
  7. What are the SOLAS requirements for watertight doors?
  8. What are the main types of watertight doors?
  9. How is a watertight door operated during a power failure?
  10. What is the emergency operation of a watertight door?
  11. What are the SOLAS requirements for steering gear?
  12. What are the requirements for emergency steering arrangements?
  13. Which SOLAS deficiencies may result in detention?

N. ISM CODE

  1. What is the ISM Code, and what are its objectives?
  2. Who are the stakeholders under the ISM Code, including external stakeholders?
  3. What are the DOC and SMC, who issues them, and what are their validity periods?
  4. What are an Interim DOC and an Interim SMC?
  5. What are the principal elements of the ISM Code?
  6. What are the ISM Code requirements for critical equipment and systems?
  7. What is emergency preparedness under the ISM Code?
  8. What is risk assessment, and why is it carried out?
  9. What are a non-conformity and an observation, and how do they differ?
  10. What is an ISM internal audit?
  11. What are intermediate, additional and interim audits?
  12. How does an audit differ from a survey?
  13. How would you prepare for an ISM audit as Second Engineer?
  14. Which documents would you check before an ISM audit?
  15. What are the latest applicable developments or amendments to the ISM Code?

O. CLASSIFICATION AND IACS

  1. What is a classification society?
  2. What is IACS, and what are its role and purpose?
  3. What is a Class Certificate?
  4. What is a statutory certificate?
  5. How do statutory and class certificates differ?
  6. What are Conditions of Class?
  7. What is a class notation?
  8. What is a Condition of Assignment?
  9. What are close-up, underwater-hull and bottom surveys?
  10. How frequently is a bottom survey carried out?
  11. What are special, intermediate, annual and additional surveys?
  12. What are ESP, CAS and CAP, and how do they differ?
  13. What is a Continuous Synopsis Record, where is it kept onboard, and which SOLAS requirement applies to it?

P. MLC 2006

  1. What is the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, and what does it cover?
  2. What is a Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance?
  3. What are DMLC Part I and DMLC Part II?
  4. Who issues DMLC Part I and Part II?
  5. What inspections and audits are carried out under the MLC?
  6. Which important MLC documents are carried onboard?
  7. What is a Maritime Labour Certificate?
  8. What is an MLC inspection?
  9. What are the latest applicable amendments to the MLC?

Q. STCW

  1. What is STCW?
  2. What is the STCW White List?
  3. What are the principal requirements of the 2010 Manila Amendments to STCW?
  4. What is a Certificate of Competency?
  5. Where are the Certificate of Competency requirements specified?
  6. Which STCW deficiencies may result in detention?
  7. What specific certification or competency deficiency may be detainable under STCW?

R. ISPS AND SECURITY

  1. What is the ISPS Code?
  2. What are the security levels under the ISPS Code?
  3. What are Security Levels 1, 2 and 3?
  4. Can a port State control inspection be conducted while a ship is operating at Security Level 3?
  5. What are LRIT and AIS, and how do they differ?
  6. What cyber-security requirements apply to ships?

S. COLREGS

  1. What is the full form of COLREGs?
  2. How many rules are contained in COLREGs?
  3. How are the COLREGs rules divided into parts?
  4. What are the different parts of COLREGs?
  5. How many annexes are contained in COLREGs?
  6. What are the COLREGs annexes, and what does each contain?

T. ENVIRONMENTAL AND OTHER IMO CONVENTIONS

  1. What is the AFS Convention, what are its principal features, and what surveys are carried out under it?
  2. What is the Hong Kong Convention, what are its key features, and how is safe ship recycling conducted?
  3. What is the Bunkers Convention, what is its purpose, and who issues the certificate?
  4. What is the CLC Convention, what is its purpose, and how do the 1969 and 1992 CLC Conventions differ?
  5. What is the HNS Convention, and what is its purpose?
  6. What is JOPP, which certificate is issued under it, and what inspections are required?

U. IMO AND CERTIFICATES

  1. How is the IMO structured?
  2. What are the principal IMO committees and subcommittees?
  3. How do a convention, protocol, amendment and resolution differ?
  4. Which statutory certificates are required for an oil tanker?
  5. Which certificates are required under MARPOL Annexes I, II and VI?
  6. Which certificates are required under SOLAS?
  7. Who issues statutory certificates, and who conducts the associated surveys?
  8. What is an electronic certificate, and which IMO guidelines apply to it?
  9. What are an EEDI Technical File and a NOx Technical File?
  10. What is SEEMP?
  11. What is a Ballast Water Management Plan?
  12. What is a Procedures and Arrangements Manual?
  13. What are the Oil Record Book and Garbage Record Book?
  14. What is a training manual, what does it contain, and what is its purpose?

V. PORT STATE CONTROL AND MOUs

  1. What is port State control?
  2. What is a PSC detention, and what is a detainable deficiency?
  3. What are clear grounds under port State control, and what examples justify a more detailed inspection?
  4. What is a memorandum of understanding, or MOU, and which major PSC MOUs are you familiar with?
  5. Which documents should a Second Engineer check before a PSC inspection?
  6. What action would you take if an important machinery or environmental-protection system failed during a PSC inspection?

W. FUEL, BUNKERING AND BUNKER SAMPLES

  1. What are the current regulations concerning bunker delivery notes and representative fuel-oil samples?
  2. What is the purpose of a bunker sample?
  3. How are bunker samples taken, and where are they retained?
  4. What is ISO 8217?
  5. How do ISO 8217:2017 and ISO 8217:2024 differ?
  6. What is CCAI, and why is it important for marine fuel?
  7. What are the requirements for carrying residual fuel oil in Antarctic waters?
  8. Why are bunker barges generally not fitted with inert-gas systems?

X. SHIPBOARD PROCEDURES AND PRACTICAL QUESTIONS

  1. How would you enter dry dock without ballast?
  2. What problems could arise if a ship entered dry dock without ballast?
  3. Why is trim important during dry docking?
  4. How would you identify the master cylinder of a large slow-speed diesel engine by listening?
  5. What precautions should be taken during instrumentation work?
  6. What precautions should be taken before working on electrical equipment?
  7. What action would you take in the event of a hull breach?
  8. What would you do if the oily-water separator suddenly stopped working?
  9. What would you do if the emergency fire pump failed during testing?
  10. How would you verify that all statutory forms and certificates onboard were current?
  11. As Second Engineer, how would you ensure that the latest revisions of manuals and forms were available onboard?
  12. Which documents would you check before a MARPOL inspection?
  13. Which documents would you check before a PSC inspection?
  14. What preparations would you make for a statutory survey?
  15. What preparations would you make for a class survey?
  16. What preparations would you make for an ISM audit?

HIGH-PRIORITY CROSS-QUESTIONS

  1. Explain the factor of subdivision with a practical example.
  2. State the four principal intact-stability criteria and their required values.
  3. Explain the D-2 standard and its associated requirements.
  4. Explain segregated-ballast capacity and tanker ballast requirements.
  5. Explain the VOC requirements under MARPOL Annex VI.
  6. Explain EEDI, EEXI and CII, and distinguish between them.
  7. Compare EU MRV with the IMO Data Collection System.
  8. Explain EIAPP, IAPP and the NOx Technical File.
  9. Explain ESP, CAS and CAP, including their survey requirements.
  10. Explain how a Second Engineer should prepare for an ISM audit.
  11. Explain non-conformities, observations and clear grounds.
  12. Explain cargo pump-room fire-detection and fire-fighting arrangements.
  13. Explain container fire-fighting arrangements.
  14. Explain emergency fire-pump performance testing.
  15. Explain lifeboat equipment, launching, lowering and hoisting requirements.
  16. Explain the emergency operation of watertight doors.
  17. Explain MARPOL Annex I bilge-water discharge requirements inside and outside special areas.
  18. Explain cargo-residue discharge requirements under MARPOL Annex II.
  19. Explain the MARPOL Annex VI certificate system.
  20. Explain the Condition of Assignment and its importance.
  21. Explain the Continuous Synopsis Record, its purpose and its location onboard.
  22. Explain DMLC Part I and DMLC Part II.
  23. Explain the AFS Convention and its survey requirements.
  24. Explain the Hong Kong Convention and safe ship recycling.
  25. Explain the Bunkers Convention and the CLC Convention.
  26. Explain the IMO structure and its principal committees and subcommittees.
  27. Explain the Stability Booklet and its contents.
  28. Explain the Procedures and Arrangements Manual and its contents.
  29. Explain the Safety Management System and emergency preparedness.
  30. Explain the important statutory and class certificates carried by your ship.
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